03 / Method and attribution
Read the distinctions.
The labels matter. They separate what was alleged, what a regulator found, who prevailed, and whose conduct is actually being described.
- Allegation
- A claim was made; it does not mean the claim was proven.
- Regulatory finding
- A regulator formally stated findings in an enforcement proceeding. Some settlements were entered without the respondent admitting or denying those findings.
- Dismissed or prevailed
- Dismissals and defendant victories remain in the record rather than being omitted.
- Portfolio company
- Conduct is not attributed to an investor unless a source independently establishes investor responsibility.
- Related entity
- Conduct by a parent, subsidiary, predecessor, or acquired company is identified as such instead of being attributed across the corporate group.
- Open research
- “No strong direct matter located yet” describes the research completed so far. It does not claim that no such matter exists.
Scope of this recordThis is not a determination of guilt or wrongdoing beyond what a cited matter established. Original notes are preserved, and remaining citation gaps are identified beside the relevant entries.